电阻色环计算器 — 解码 4 & 5 环电阻
The resistor color code is a standardized system for marking resistance values using colored bands. Select the colors on your resistor to instantly decode its value. For a 4-band resistor, the first two bands are digits, the third is the multiplier (power of 10), and the fourth is tolerance. 5-band precision resistors add a third digit for higher accuracy.
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Frequently Asked Questions
电阻色环代码是如何工作的？
电阻通过色环表示阻值。4 环电阻：前两环为数字，第三环为乘数，第四环为误差；5 环电阻：前三环为数字，第四环为乘数，第五环为误差。颜色对应数字：黑0、棕1、红2、橙3、黄4、绿5、蓝6、紫7、灰8、白9。
如何读取 4 环电阻的阻值？
例如，棕-黑-橙-金：棕(1)、黑(0)，组成 10；橙(×1000)；金(±5%)。阻值 = 10 × 1000 = 10,000Ω = 10kΩ，误差 ±5%。记忆口诀：好棒红橙黄绿蓝紫灰白（对应 1-9）。
电阻误差有哪些级别？
常见误差级别：金色 ±5%（E24 系列），银色 ±10%，棕色 ±1%（精密电阻，E96 系列），红色 ±2%，绿色 ±0.5%，蓝色 ±0.25%。精密电路应使用 ±1% 或更高精度的电阻。
如何确认电阻色环的读取方向？
确认方向的方法：①容差色环（金/银）通常在末尾；②第一环不会是金色或银色；③精密电阻（5-6 环）的容差环通常与其他环有较大间距；④测量实际阻值与计算值对比验证。
Resistor Color Code Chart
The resistor color code is a standardized system (IEC 60062) for marking the resistance value, tolerance, and sometimes the temperature coefficient of resistors using colored bands painted on the component body. Each color corresponds to a digit, a multiplier, and optionally a tolerance percentage.
| Color | Digit Value | Multiplier | Tolerance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black | 0 | ×1 | — |
| Brown | 1 | ×10 | ±1% |
| Red | 2 | ×100 | ±2% |
| Orange | 3 | ×1k | ±3% |
| Yellow | 4 | ×10k | ±4% |
| Green | 5 | ×100k | ±0.5% |
| Blue | 6 | ×1M | ±0.25% |
| Violet | 7 | ×10M | ±0.1% |
| Gray | 8 | ×100M | ±0.05% |
| White | 9 | ×1G | — |
| Gold | — | ×0.1 | ±5% |
| Silver | — | ×0.01 | ±10% |
How to Read a 4-Band Resistor
A 4-band resistor has three value bands and one tolerance band. Hold the resistor so the tolerance band (Gold or Silver) is on the right. Read left to right:
Formula
Resistance = (Digit1 × 10 + Digit2) × Multiplier
Example: Yellow–Violet–Brown–Gold
Yellow = 4, Violet = 7, Brown = ×10, Gold = ±5%
Resistance = (4 × 10 + 7) × 10 = 470 Ω ±5%
- Band 1 — First significant digit (0–9)
- Band 2 — Second significant digit (0–9)
- Band 3 — Multiplier (×1 to ×1G, or ×0.1, ×0.01)
- Band 4 — Tolerance (Gold ±5%, Silver ±10%, Brown ±1%, etc.)
How to Read a 5-Band Resistor
5-band resistors are used for precision resistors (1% and better). They add a third digit band for greater resolution. The tolerance band is still the last band.
Formula
Resistance = (Digit1 × 100 + Digit2 × 10 + Digit3) × Multiplier
Example: Brown–Black–Black–Brown–Brown
Brown = 1, Black = 0, Black = 0, Brown = ×10, Brown = ±1%
Resistance = (1 × 100 + 0 × 10 + 0) × 10 = 1000 Ω = 1 kΩ ±1%
- Band 1 — First significant digit (0–9)
- Band 2 — Second significant digit (0–9)
- Band 3 — Third significant digit (0–9)
- Band 4 — Multiplier
- Band 5 — Tolerance
Tolerance Explained
Tolerance specifies the maximum deviation from the stated resistance value. A 470 Ω ±5% resistor can measure anywhere from 446.5 Ω to 493.5 Ω and still be within specification.
| Color | Tolerance | Series |
|---|---|---|
| Brown | ±1% | E96 |
| Red | ±2% | E48 |
| Orange | ±3% | E24 |
| Yellow | ±4% | E24 |
| Green | ±0.5% | E192 |
| Blue | ±0.25% | E192 |
| Violet | ±0.1% | E192 |
| Gray | ±0.05% | E192 |
| Gold | ±5% | E24 |
| Silver | ±10% | E12 |
For critical circuits, use ±1% (Brown) or better. For general purpose work, ±5% (Gold) is fine.
E24 and E96 Standard Values
Resistors are manufactured in standardized values called E-series. The number indicates how many values exist per decade. E24 (24 values, ±5%) is the most common for general use; E96 (96 values, ±1%) is used for precision applications.
E24 Base Values (×1 to ×10 MΩ)
1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.6, 3.9, 4.3, 4.7, 5.1, 5.6, 6.2, 6.8, 7.5, 8.2, 9.1
× any power of 10 (1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 100 kΩ, 1 MΩ...)
E12 Base Values (±10%)
1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 3.9, 4.7, 5.6, 6.8, 8.2
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